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KMID : 0603520030080010001
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Journal of Korean Association of Cancer Prevention
2003 Volume.8 No. 1 p.1 ~ p.8
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Selenium and Cancer Prevention
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Davis Cindy D.
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Abstract
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Epidemiologic and preclinical studies provide evidence that the essential nutrient selenium has chemopreventive potential. In particular, the results of a clinical intervention trial have shown strong protective effects of selenium-enriched yeast (200 ug/day) for cancers of the lung, colon and prostate. While serum, plasma or toenail selenium concentrations are often utilized to predict exposure, it is not known if exfoliated cells would be a better sample for the accumulation and activity of selenium target tissues. The cancer protective activities of selenium, like other biological effects of selenium, depend on the concentration as well as the chemical form provided. Genetic differences as well as interactions with other nutrients may also contribute to variation in the response to selenium. Selenium has been shown to modify a number of specific molecular-targets involved with the cancer process. It appears to exert its chemopreventive effects via changes in selenoprotein production, immune function, carcinogen metabolism, DNA methylation, cell proliferation, apoptosis and/or angiogenesis. Which targets are modified will depend on the concentration and chemical species of selenium. Various clinical trials are currently being conducted in the United States to further investigate the effect of selenium on prostate, lung and colon cancer prevention. The SELECT or Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial is a randomized phase III trial to determine the effectiveness of selenium and vitamin E, either alone or together, in preventing prostate cancer. Four smaller prostate cancer prevention studies are also being conducted. Volunteers are also being recruited for a randomized phase III trial to determine the effectiveness of selenium in preventing the development of second primary lung tumors in patients who have undergone surgery to remove stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Finally, a phase II randomized study is being conducted on the effect of celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, and selenium and/or their combination on colonic adenoma recurrence. All of the current studies are in the recruitment phase of the trials.
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KEYWORD
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Selenium (se), Cancer prevention, SELECT, National Cancer Institute (NCI)
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